A problem with navigation in vehicles is that location can be lost in radio-shadows such as in tunnels and in tree covered areas. ChoonSung Nam and Dong-Ryeol Shin of Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea have a new paper on Vehicle location measurement method for radio-shadow area through iBeacon.
Beacons are placed at the side of the road and instead of advertising unique ids in the form of iBeacon or Eddystone, they advertise absolute Global Positioning System location data. Together with the received signal strength (RSSI) this allows the vehicle to better determine the location.