Why Investing in Beacons with Larger Batteries Pays Off in the Long Run

When deploying Bluetooth beacons for your project, it’s tempting to opt for less expensive models with smaller batteries. However, this short-term savings approach can lead to significant long-term costs and operational headaches. By spending more upfront on beacons with larger batteries, you can dramatically reduce the time and expense associated with battery replacements over the life of your deployment.

The capacity of a beacon’s battery, measured in milliamp-hours (mAh), directly impacts its operational lifespan. Let’s compare some common battery types used in beacons:

  • CR2032: 250 mAh
  • CR2450: 500 mAh
  • CR2477: 1000 mAh
  • 2 x AA Lithium: 3000 mAh

A beacon using a CR2032 battery might last about 1-2 years, while one with a CR2477 could last 3-4 years under similar conditions. However, beacons with larger batteries, such as those using 2 AA lithium batteries, can last significantly longer, potentially up to 3-4 times the lifespan of a CR2477-powered beacon.

Consider a scenario where you’re deploying 1,000 beacons in a large facility:

Scenario 1: CR2032 Beacons

  • Initial cost: £10 per beacon
  • Battery life: 1.5 years
  • Replacement frequency: Every 18 months
  • Labour cost: £20 per beacon replacement

Over a 5-year period:

  • Initial investment: £10,000
  • Replacements: 3 times
  • Total replacement cost: 3 * (1000 * £20) = £60,000
  • Total 5-year cost: £70,000

Scenario 2: AA Lithium Beacons

  • Initial cost: £25 per beacon
  • Battery life: 4.5 years
  • Replacement frequency: Once in 5 years
  • Labour cost: £20 per beacon replacement

Over a 5-year period:

  • Initial investment: £25,000
  • Replacements: 1 time
  • Total replacement cost: 1 * (1000 * £20) = £20,000
  • Total 5-year cost: £45,000

In this example, despite the higher initial cost, the beacons with larger batteries save £25,000 over five years, a 35% reduction in total costs. Put in your own labour cost to determine your actual calculation.

Beyond the direct cost savings, longer-lasting batteries offer several other advantages:

Reduced Operational Disruption: Fewer battery changes mean less interruption to your beacon network’s functionality and less disturbance to the environment where they’re deployed.

Lower Environmental Impact: Using fewer batteries over time reduces waste and the environmental footprint of your beacon deployment.

Improved Reliability: Beacons with larger batteries are less likely to fail due to power issues, ensuring more consistent performance of your location-based services.

To maximise the benefits of larger batteries, consider:

  1. Adjust Transmission Power: Lower the transmission power if the full range isn’t needed, significantly extending battery life.
  2. Optimise Advertising Interval: Increase the interval between broadcasts where possible. A 600ms interval is often sufficient for smartphone detection, while gateway detection can use even longer intervals.
  3. Use Sleep Modes: Implement sleep modes during off-hours to conserve power, especially in locations with set operating hours.
  4. Strategic Placement: Position beacons in areas with minimal interference to reduce power consumption needed for reliable transmission.

While the upfront cost of beacons with larger batteries may be higher, the long-term savings in both time and money make them a wise investment. By reducing the frequency of battery replacements, you not only save on direct costs but also minimise operational disruptions and improve the overall reliability of your beacon network. When planning your beacon deployment, consider the total cost of ownership over the project’s lifespan, and you’ll likely find that spending more initially on higher-capacity batteries pays off handsomely in the long run.

Beacon Battery Size, Type, Capacity and Life

After project rollout, human effort used in regularly replacing batteries can be significant and the human resource cost of doing so can dwarf the actual cost of the beacons. Hence, unless it’s a temporary scenario it’s best to specify beacons with as large a battery capacity as possible. Beacons with smaller capacity batteries are only suitable for short trials, temporary events or use during development.

While BeaconZone stocks a very large range of beacons, we purposely haven’t stocked any beacons with batteries smaller than CR2032 because the battery life of CR2025 and CR2016 beacons is usually too short. All our beacons use either CR2032, CR2450, CR2477 or AA batteries.

How long a battery lasts depends not just on the battery capacity but also the transmitted power,  advertising interval and beacon processor chip type. This article only considers the battery itself.

Battery capacity is measured in mAh. The mA part (without the h) is the unit of current. As an example, a CR2477 battery typically has a capacity of 1000 mAh which means it can supply 1 mA for 1000 hours or, for example, 2mA for 500 hours. However, most beacons only use tens or hundreds of µA when transmitting, where 1 µA is 1000 times smaller than a 1 mA. Also Bluetooth beacons only transmit for a few milliseconds (1 ms = 1/1000 sec) at a time so you can see how a coin battery can last a long time.

Here are the main battery sizes and their typical mAh rating:

CR2032 = 250 mAh
CR2450 = 500 mAh
CR2477 = 1000 mAh
2 x AA = 2200mAh (Alkaline), 3000 mAh (Li)
4 x AA = 4400mAh (Alkaline) or 6000 mAh (Li)

A beacon such as the i3 containing 2 Lithium batteries can last 3x one with a CR2477 battery and 24x one with a CR2032 battery. This gives a battery life of up to 3 to 4 years depending on other configuration parameters.

Lithium AA batteries such as the Duracell Ultra Lithium and Energizer Ultimate don’t just last longer than Alkaline AA batteries. Their voltage also doesn’t vary so much with temperature which might be a consideration if your rollout is outdoors.

Beacon Battery Use Testing

One of the issues with using Bluetooth beacons is that it’s not easy to predict how long batteries are going to last. Battery life depends not just on the battery capacity but also the transmitted power, advertising interval, beacon processor chip type and whether the beacon has timed transmission. Also, beacons vary from model to model, sometimes even between revisions of the same model. In some scenarios it’s essential to know which beacon models are the most power efficient and how long batteries will last.

Over the years we have spent a considerable amount of time investigating actual battery use. It’s not as simple as you might think. You can’t use an ammeter because it can’t see the short pulses in peak power. The majority of the power is expended in very short, few millisecond (ms) transmit pulses, in between which the beacon goes into low power sleep.

nordicadvertising

Nordic Bluetooth Advertising Power Use

Testing needs to integrate the current used over multiple advertising periods. The test equipment needs to capture this data at sub 1ms precision in order to catch the pulses. The testing also needs to be flexible enough to work for advertising periods from 100ms to 10 sec.

We have custom in-house designed test equipment capable of real-time battery current testing. This enables us to compare different manufacturers’ beacons having the same configured settings and provide our consultancy clients with beacon battery use data based on their exact configuration settings.

beaconpoweranalyser

As an example, an interesting test we did was was to compare the Sensoro AA transmitting just iBeacon vs iBeacon at the same time as the 3x Eddystone advertising packets. With only ibeacon @ 760ms, 0dBm advertising, 4 typical alkaline batteries would last 7.7 years. Transmitting all 4 iBeacon and Eddystone frames reduces the battery life to 2.9 years.

Another interesting observation has been that the beacons that have the strongest signals aren’t necessarily the ones using the most battery power. Design of aspects, such as the antenna, contribute to power efficiency.

We also offer ad-hoc beacon battery use testing.

What’s the Best iBeacon?

We often get asked what’s the best iBeacon? Unfortunately, there is no one best beacon for all scenarios. It depends on your particular project and business requirements. Having said this we have some favourites based on specific characteristics:

Best for Price: FSC-BP103 – Inexpensive beacon that transmits up to 10 channels simultaneously:

Best for Features: M52-SA Plus – Large easy replaceable battery, long range, temperature, humidity, accelerometer:

iBeacon

Best for Battery Life: SmartBeacon-AA Pro (no longer available) – Allows use of 4x AA batteries. Use lithium AA batteries for 7+ year battery life (also depends on settings).

Best for Setup App: Minew range – Minew’s latest BeaconPlus range (those supporting both iBeacon and Eddystone) provides the best in class app.

View our complete range.